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This was prepared for the 2001 edition of the CPC. See context-sensitive Help in the product for further information.
This facility enables you to search for pests and their data sheets by pest type, crop, country and symptoms. If you know the name of the pest you are searching for, you should use the Find-a-datasheet option instead. The diagnostic search can help to diagnose pests or pathogens on a crop using information on the part of the plant affected, damage symptoms or the country where the pest occurs. The Compendium will generate a list of pests that fit your search criteria. You can use the results of your search to find out more information on the pests that may be affecting your crop by viewing the data sheets of the selected species.
This is the Search Manager screen. The criteria you can use in your search are shown on the left of the screen. You can search using a single criterion (e.g. Crop) or narrow down your search by using a combination of criteria. All searches are stored in the Search Manager.
When you have performed a search (e.g. for Crop), you will see a checkbox in the Select column. Your search will be noted in the Status column, where you can View the criteria you have used. The number of data sheets matching your search criteria is shown in the Data sheets section, and you can view the data sheets of selected species by clicking Browse the data sheets. You can use the Clear column to delete the criteria in any active searches and Clear all searches to clear the Search Manager screen.
You can either view the results of individual searches or, once you have selected all the criteria that you require for your search, you can perform a combined search by clicking the button to Search using all selected searches.
In the Search Manager, you can change the number of records displayed per page (between 10 and 50) and whether thumbnails are shown in your results. Both these factors can affect page retrieval time. Use the Back to the search page link to return to the Search Manager screen from the data sheet list.
The red dots next to the species names in the list indicate that the pest has a full data sheet. Click on a species name to access a data sheet for more information.
The criteria used in your search are always shown at the bottom of the page.
You may search for pests in the web-CPC using any of the following criteria:
The Taxonomic group category is not yet available on the Internet version of the Compendium.
You can select one or more pest types from the list. To select multiple types, use the Ctrl key when you click on each pest type. When you have selected all the pest types you want to include, click the Search button. You will then return to the Search Manager screen where you can view the results of your search or combine this search with another search.
To select a crop, enter the crop name in the Search for box. You can use common names (e.g. maize, maíz, etc.) or scientific names (e.g. Zea mays). The default is set to look for an Exact match in the crop names database because this will generate the most specific results.
Example 1: Searching on a common name for a crop
The Secondary pests checkbox should remain unchecked if you only want to search for primary pests of the crop. Check the box if you want to include secondary pests in your search. Primary pests are those for which the crop has been designated as a main host on which the pest causes economic damage. Secondary pests are those of lesser importance or occasional frequency.
When you click the Search button, you go to the next screen, which displays the hosts that fit your search criteria.
Example 2: Searching on a host genus
If you enter a genus such as Zea and select Exact match, the system automatically includes the species that are members of that genus in the search results. Any of these can be deselected by unchecking the box to the left of the name before continuing.
Example 3: Searching on host species that have subspecific members in the Compendium database
The results of a search on the species name Brassica oleracea using Exact match will include the 9 B. oleracea vars included in the Compendium database in addition to B. oleracea the species.
If you are not sure of the crop name or wish to define a broader search, the following Search Types are available: Begins with, Ends with and Contains.
Your results will comprise a list of crops that include your search term. You can select from the list the crops that you want to include in your search using the checkbox next to the crop names.
Example 1: A search using Begins with Zea for comparison
You will see that the search results now include an additional Quercus data sheet - unchecking the box to the left of the name will exclude it from the search.
When there are several crops that fulfill the criteria, the Search for Related Species button appears. This re-sorts the list by current preferred name of the selected species and will include lower taxa of selected genera or species if available.
Example 2: The application of the Search for Related Species feature
The following results have been generated by a search on Begins with rice. The hosts that are not Oryza have been deselected because they are not of interest in this case.
Search for Related Species enables you to get to all Oryza species because they are members of the genus Oryza which has been selected (it makes no difference whether Oryza sativa is also checked or not).
Click Search for Pests to generate a list of pests that occur on any of the hosts selected which can be viewed by clicking on the hyperlink in the Search Manager screen.
You can search for specific symptoms observed on a crop or select plant parts that are affected by the pest or disease. The Symptoms and Plant Parts are linked to each other to prevent impossible or unlikely combinations.
You need to select a Plant part button from the left side of the screen to display a list of symptoms available for that plant part. Symptoms are selected by double-clicking the required symptom or using the > button when you have highlighted a symptom. You can select symptoms from multiple plant parts in the same search.
Click the Search button when you have selected all the required symptoms. You will then return to the Search Manager screen where you can view the results (a list of pests producing any of the symptoms selected) or combine this Symptom search with another type of criterion.
You can also select single or multiple plant stages for your search. Use the Ctrl key to select multiple plant stages.
To search for pests by country or region, select from the list on the left hand side of the screen. Use the > button to move the country/region to the Include box. When selecting a country/region that includes subregions (e.g. USA), the subregions (states/provinces and detached parts of that country) are automatically copied to the Include box. Any subregions that you don't want to include in your search can be deselected using the < button.
When there are no entries in the Exclude box, the results will show all the pests that are recorded as present in any of the regions listed in the Include box. (When more than one country/subregion is selected, this type of search is a Boolean OR operation - see the Appendix of Boolean Search Operators). In the example above, the search will retrieve pests found in USA (no state specified) or Alabama or Arizona or ... etc.
It is possible to select regions that you specifically wish to exclude from the results. The system performs a separate search from the above to find pests for which there is a distribution record (present or absent*) for any of the Excluded regions (again a Boolean OR search). In the above example, pests found in Alaska or Hawaii will be retrieved. This set of pests will then be subtracted from the set retrieved by searching on the Included countries/subregions. This is equivalent to a Boolean NOT operation.
*The software will be changed so that only records of presence in a region are used in the search results in future. Records of absence (eradications, unconfirmed records, and interceptions will be ignored in this type of narrow-down search). Users wishing to compare pest lists for exporting and importing countries in a trade pathway should use the Phytosanitary Decision-Support System which will soon be available in the Web-CPC.
Click the Search button when you have selected all the required countries/regions. You will then return to the Search Manager screen where you can view the results or this search or combine this search with another. Note that a complex search involving a large number of countries/regions will take longer to process.
You may want to search on several different criteria types at once.
Example 1: A search for pests causing black fungal spores, discoloration of the panicle and galls in the flowers of maize in the USA.
After entering your criteria you will return to the Search Manager screen where the results of your last country, crop and symptom searches are displayed.
Search using all selected searches will run a combined search of the criteria that are ticked in the Select column. The results appear as a list of pests. Retrieval time may be slower in more complex searches.
The criteria used in your combined search are displayed at the bottom of the page:
Your Search Criteria
Organism category
Fungi
Crop
Zea mays
Plant parts/symptoms
Flowers - black fungal spores;
Flowers - discoloration panicle, Flowers - galls
Countries/regions
Countries included: USA,
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota,
Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West
Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Please note that combining more than two search criteria with Boolean AND generates a list of pests that fit the selected criteria but not necessarily all together. For example, the CPC databases hold relationships for pest-host and pest-country and not pest-host-country. So a search using Canada as the country criterion and rice as the crop will generate a list of pests that attack rice and also occur (on other hosts) in Canada - the results do not indicate that the pests occur on rice in Canada. Of course if a crop is selected which is grown in the country concerned, it is highly likely that the pests listed already occur or could occur on it.
You can download the results of a search by copying and pasting the list of species into a word processing document. Selecting the maximum number of records to display per page (50) will facilitate easier exporting of long lists. An export facility for the diagnostic search should be available in the next update of the Web-CPC.
You want to identify an insect pest that is attacking your stored maize cobs in Namibia. You have an adult specimen of the pest. You need to find some information on any control methods that you can use to avoid future infestations.
You select maize as a crop (primary pests only), Namibia as country, insect as pest category and postharvest as the stage affected. When you run the search, there are two insects which match your results. You can open the data sheet for each species to compare the pictures of each pest with your specimen and use the information from the morphology section of the data sheets to find further information to help you with your identification.
You may want to search the database for any other insects that could be attacking your crop. Go back to the search manager screen and rerun the search, this time including secondary pests of maize to see how this changes your results.
You are a grower in the Netherlands who wants to identify a virus that is affecting your daffodils. It is producing an unusual pattern on the leaves during the vegetative stage. Run individual searches on daffodil (select Narcissus only and do not check the box to include secondary pests), the Netherlands, abnormal patterns as a leaf symptom, the vegetative growth stage, and virus as a pest category. Select all of these searches and run a combined search. Three virus data sheets are listed in your results: Narcissus latent virus, raspberry ringspot virus and strawberry latent ringspot virus. Open the data sheets and look to see if there are any pictures of symptoms on Narcissus.