Finding a datasheet
Using the datasheet index
Searching for pest, plant, natural
enemy or taxonomic group datasheets
Datasheet features
The datasheet tool bar
Text
Softlinking and hyperlinking
Maps, Pictures,
Statistical data, Crop loss data,
Pest lists, Taxonomic tree
User
notepad
See separate Training sheet
Making the most of datasheet information
Exporting and printing
| When you know the name of the datasheet you wish to view you can access the datasheet index by selecting the following button from the Main menu. |
|
Alternatively select the Specific Data sheet option from the Goto button on the main CPC menu bar.
Select a datasheet from the indexes of:
| All categories | Fungi | Weeds |
| Arthropods | Bacteria and phytoplasmas | BAYER codes |
| Nematodes | Viruses and virus-like diseases | Crops |
| Snails and slugs | Seedborne diseases | Taxonomic groups |
| Vertebrates | Postharvest and storage pests | Countries |
Enter the name of the pest, natural enemy, crop, BAYER code, taxonomic group (genus) or country in the Search for text box. An incremental search is carried out as you begin typing. You can continue typing until the correct name is highlighted in the list below, or use the scroll bars to move to the name you require and double click on it to see it entered in the Search for box.
In the example below, the common name "potato blight" has been entered. Datasheets can be found from the index by entering preferred scientific names, synonyms, common names in many languages and BAYER codes.
The datasheet type is indicated in the left hand column and shows that there is a full datasheet on potato blight.
The Index order can be changed if you want to search on the species epithets of Latin names.
Click Go to to proceed to the data sheet cover page or click the right mouse button to view the other names used for the pest, taxonomic hierarchy, datasheet cover page or available datasheet texts.
Clicking the Close button will take you back to the Main Menu.
A separate Compendium feature enables you to search for pests, plants, natural enemies or taxonomic groups based on a set of criteria (e.g. pest category, taxonomic group, crop, country, symptoms or plant stage affected). This is called a Species search and a separate Training sheet has been prepared for this.
The availability of features varies with datasheet; unavailable
buttons appear in grey only. Many of these buttons also appear on toolbars in
subwindows.
 |
Close current window |
 |
Data sheet text sections. Also activated by clicking in the text summary window |
 |
User notes |
 |
Geographic distribution maps. Also activated by clicking in the map window. |
 |
Pictures; also activated by clicking in the picture window |
 |
Statistics (crop and country datasheets only) |
 |
Crop loss data (crop datasheets only) |
 |
List pests (crop and country datasheets only) |
 |
Taxonomic tree |
 |
Display the full datasheet for this species |
 |
Soft link: display data related to the highlighted term in the text |
 |
Find a specified term in the text |
 |
Copy highlighted text to clipboard |
 |
Cut to clipboard |
 |
Paste from clipboard to insertion point |
 |
Undo last change |
 |
Help |
If you wish to view just one datasheet section, highlight the section heading from the list of datasheet Descriptions. To view several sections at once, select Multiple. You can then click >> to select all sections or highlight individual sections to move using >. Sections can be unselected by clicking arrows pointing in the other direction.
Click OK to view the datasheet text sections - more text is revealed by scrolling up and down.
 |
You may find it helpful to maximize this window to
display more text or to Change font.
These options are particularly useful if you are giving a presentation. |
Subheadings have been added to long text sections during editing (as in the above example in the Impact section). These subheadings are listed under Contents at the top of the text section. Clicking on a hyperlinked subheading will take you to that subsection of the text. Clicking the hyperlink [contents] beside the subheading will return you to the list of subheadings available for that section.
Show EPPO notes appears at the top of the list of countries when footnotes are used in the Geographical distribution list. The footnotes are derived from the comments in EPPO's PQR database.
The button will bring the Cover page
back to the front (you can always check which windows are open by clicking
on the Window button in the CPC Menu bar).
Text can be Exported to an .html or .txt file for printing or later use in word-processing or other editing software.
 |
Tools for Windows editing are provided and may be useful for searching for a term, or copying text to the clipboard for example. |
Words and phrases in the Compendium text can be softlinked to entries in
the Glossary or Datasheets. To select a name or term, highlight it by dragging the mouse over it (you
can also hold down the left button and use
the cursor arrows to extend the selection). Then click on the Soft
link button or 
.
Bibliographic references are hyperlinked in the text. Clicking on the hyperlink will take you to a window for the full reference and an abstract, if available.
Softlinking and hyperlinking are very quick ways of looking up text in other parts of the CPC and displaying it in another window:
Example - displaying a reference
| The Carey and Dowell (1989) citation is hyperlinked in the datasheet text on the right. Hyperlinking opens a window for the full reference. This record also has an abstract. |  |
A small World View Map is displayed on the cover page of pest and natural
enemy datasheets. Double clicking on this map or selecting the
button
on the Datasheet Tool Bar enables you to display a larger scale map with a
range of further options. Maps are provided for major crops, these are
accessible from the Menu Bar when available, maps are not included on the
crop cover pages.
In the World View Map, clicking with the left mouse button will zoom in on the selected region (e.g. North America, Africa, Oceania); clicking with the right mouse button on a spot reveals the distribution status, reference citation and any footnotes that are available for that national record.
In a Regional Map, the right button displays the status and source of the national and subnational records. Clicking with the left mouse button returns you to the World View Map.
Sources of distribution records are cited in the List of countries in the Geographic distribution text section of pest datasheets and are displayed after right clicking on a spot on one of the maps. Some full and outline pest datasheets have been supplemented with records from the PQR database (version 4.3, 2004) compiled by EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization). Different sources cited for an individual distribution record may indicate different distribution statuses, please consult individual references for more details.
Many datasheets include records from CABI Distribution Maps. CABI has been publishing the series of Distribution Maps of (Plant) Pests since the 1950s and Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases since the 1970s. Since 1997, these maps are known as CABI/EPPO Distribution Maps and are cited as CABI/EPPO. For maps published before 1997, CIE or IIE may be cited for the Pest Maps and CMI or IMI for the Disease Maps.
Outline datasheets have unchecked or unconfirmed mined distribution records which should be used with care.
In addition to national data, information may be available at the level of province/state for larger countries (e.g. USA, Canada, Brazil, India, China, Australia) and countries with detached parts (e.g. Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Spain, Portugal).
The distributions of many important crops are based on FAO data (FAOStat 2004); the List of countries is also given in the crop datasheet text.
This toolbar includes some special map features:
|
close the current window |
 |
Print the current map |
|
Select datasheet text for display - it is often helpful to display the List of countries in the Geographic distribution section |
 |
Overlay with the distribution of another species |
 |
Key to symbols/shading schemes used on the maps and options to change display |
 |
Default world map |
 |
Shift view (between default and centred on the Pacific Ocean) |
 |
Climatic map |
 |
Soil map - FAO-UNSECO, 1988 |
 |
Five regional maps: Africa, Asia, Pacific, North America, Central America, South America and Europe |
| The default display is shown on the right but can be changed in this window. |  |
The distribution categories are self explanatory and all those included in the default display are records of presence of a pest. Unconfirmed reports and Eradicated pests are not displayed on the maps by default but can be added.
On the World View Map, symbols are plotted to the centre point of the country. For some countries with detached parts e.g. USA, spots are included for mainland USA, Hawaii and Alaska in this view; in the Regional Maps, additional state/province symbols are plotted when available - these are smaller in size than the national symbols.
Data for a second species (pest, crop or natural enemy) can be added to a
distribution map by clicking 
. The map will display the two sets of data
points, the first in smaller dots and the overlay species in larger dots.
The distribution of a pest and a host, two pest species or a pest and its natural enemy can be examined on the same map.
A world climate or soil map can be added to world or regional maps. Click
for the key to shading. The following example shows a map of Citrus
tristeza virus (in small yellow circles) and its vector Toxoptera citricida (in
large blue circles)
with the climate map.
In addition to a picture on the cover page, more images can be accessed
by double clicking over the cover page image or selecting
from the Datasheet Menu Bar to display the set of thumbnails.
The Copyright text box shows the owner of the rights to the selected picture. This is embedded in the image when it is copied.
The Description text box gives a brief caption for the picture followed by the caption, which often gives more details.
Click on Full picture to view in large format. While in this format, the picture can be re-sized or you can move to the next/previous picture in the sequence.
Select Preferences to change the size of the default thumbnail display.
From the Full picture window, 
in the menu bar or CTRL+C enables you to copy the picture to the clipboard
for pasting into another document. For this purpose the Copyright line is
automatically embedded into the image and should not be removed. See Making
the most of datasheet information and the Fair use
statement.
The pictures in the CPC are black-and-white illustrations or 256-colour images. The black-and-white illustrations will display correctly if the computer is set up for 16 colours. To view the colour images, the computer must be set up for a minimum of 256 colours, preferably 32 000, 64 000 or 16 million colours. If set up for 256 colours, only the picture in the top window will display correctly; with the higher colour settings, all pictures on the screen will display correctly.
If the computer is currently set up for 16 colours, use your Windows installation disks or graphic card driver disks to modify the Windows set up for more colours.
Statistical information from FAOSTAT is available for crops (Production) and countries (Crop Production, Land Use,
Pesticides Trade). This can be accessed via the
icon on the
crop or country Datasheet Tool Bar. Click on the FAOSTAT button to go to the FAO website for further details about the data and any
recent updates.
| An alternative route to these data sets can be found by clicking on the FAOSTAT button on the Main CPC Menu. More details on using the statistical data can be found by clicking on the Help button. |
|
The Production data set is available from crop datasheets (area harvested (Ha), yield (Kg/Ha), Production (Mt) and Seed (Mt) for the years 1961-2003. The following example shows the statistics window that is displayed from the maize datasheet. The window consists of four lists of parameters at the top that can be selected for display (crops, countries, year and data type), a series of buttons and filters which determine how the data are displayed and a section at the bottom of the screen which shows the results of your selection. All sections of the screen are resizeable.
The parameters highlighted in blue are those that are available to plot graphically. In this case, the default selection is maize area harvested (Ha) for all countries and regions for the years 1991-2001. The results grid at the bottom shows the top 8 or so but can be scrolled or resized to reveal more.
To change the parameters selected: either click on a single item to highlight it or select a range of records (click on the first item in the range, hold down the Shift key and click the last item in the range) or a group of individual records (hold down the Ctrl key and click on the required items). Only crops/countries/years for which data exist will be shown.
The Country filter button can be used to limit the results to individual countries or regions and the Crop filter to individual crops or crop categories.
The index for the results grid can be changed by clicking on the column header of the column you wish to sort by; clicking the header again will reverse the index.
The order of the columns can be modified by dragging the column header horizontally with the mouse and the columns can be resized by dragging the edge of the column header.
Select records from the results grid to display as a bar chart. Click the Plot selected button to generate the chart. If no selection from the grid is made, the top 20 items listed will be plotted.
A similar screen to the above is presented for the Production data set for a country and a bar chart of the top crops for that country can be generated.
The Land Use data set displays data showing land use by Total Area, Land Area, Agricultural Area and Types of agricultural area. It is displayed in 1000s of hectares. The data are for the years 1961 to 2001. A Land use chart can be generated for the selected years.
The Pesticides Trade data set displays, in US dollars, the imports and exports for pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and disinfectants. Data are for the years 1961 to 2001.
This data set has been compiled by the University of Bonn and is available for 11 major crops: barley,
groundnut, maize, oilseed rape, potato, rice, seed cotton, soyabean,
sugarbeet, tomato and wheat. It can be accessed by clicking on the
button from the tool bar of these datasheets.
It provides data on crop yields with and without crop protection and losses attributable to pathogens, viruses, animal pests and weeds for 19 geographical regions for the years 1997-1999, 1999-2001, 2000-2002 and 2001-2003. An introduction to this project, notes on interpreting crop loss data and an annotated blibliography are available from the buttons in the second column. Detailed Help is also available.
| The Economic Impact data can also be accessed from the Main CPC Menu: |
|
Actual production describes the Area (1000 ha) on which the crop is grown, the actual Yield achieved (kg/ha) and the Production as both 1000 t and $ million.
Attainable production describes the Yield and Production values that could be achieved if no crop losses occurred.
Actual losses due to ... describes the losses (% losses, Yield losses expressed as kg/ha and Production losses as 1000 t and $ million) that occurred due to the different pest and pathogen groups.
Potential losses due to ... describes the Yield losses that could occur if Crop Protection practices were not applied.
| The two buttons Graph and World map provide access to the data in an illustrated format. |  |
Edit crop prices enables you to change the default price US$ per ton used in the calculations. More details on how to use these data are available from then Help button.
This option enables you to search the Compendium database to list pests occurring on the crop. The list of pests generated is hyperlinked and datasheets can be viewed by clicking on individual pest names. The list of pests can be transferred to the Species search module to carry out an advanced search. Since 2001, this pest list has also been included in the crop datasheet text section Pests and diseases. It includes checked and mined (unchecked) data separately. Pests of higher plant taxa that have not been assigned to host species may be displayed by clicking the hyperlinked text 'display these pests'.
Lists of species occurring in the country, or parts of the country, selected can be generated by searching the Compendium database. As above, this takes you to the Species search screen.
More information on the Species search can be found in a separate Training sheet.
This facility allows you to view the taxonomic information for a pest, natural enemy or crop arranged in a taxonomic tree, from the Kingdom to species level.
 |
To expand a level to show all its members, click on the text part of the entry. For example, click on Family: Pythiaceae to show all of its member genera. To collapse an entry, click on the "-" to the left of the term, this can be expanded again by clicking "+". |
Once a taxon is highlighted using the mouse or cursor, the Datasheet button takes you to that datasheet. Usually there are full datasheets at the species or subspecies level for pests, so a basic datasheet will only be available at the higher taxonomic levels.
With an entry highlighted, right-clicking the mouse gives two options: View hierarchy displays a summary of the taxonomic hierarchy and Copy to clipboard copies the summary for pasting into another document.
There is a vast amount of information in the CPC in the form of text, pictures, maps, search results, taxonomic hierarchies, full text, references, abstracts, statistics, identification keys etc. Different users will have different requirements for information and will wish to put the CPC data to different uses such as printing datasheets, generating reports or extension leaflets in word-processing software or creating presentations in applications such as Powerpoint.
Please refer to Fair Use of Compendia for guidance on how CPC contents may be used.
Text can be exported to an .html or .txt file by selecting the Export button from the datasheet text window. You are prompted to name the file and, if you do not specify another location, it will be saved in the CPC2004 folder which has been set up on your hard disk or network drive on installation of the CPC. The new text file is then displayed on the screen in Windows Notepad or other text editor for quick printing of the datasheet.
The .txt file can be opened in another text editor e.g. MS Word to create a neater presentation, to change the order of sections or to incorporate your own information or maps and pictures from the CPC.
Windows editing tools and the quick keys CTRL+C can be used to copy selected text from most CPC windows to the clipboard for pasting CTR+V into other Windows applications for formatting and printing.
As mentioned under Pictures, an option is provided in the Full picture window for copying that image to the clipboard (alternatively use CTRL+C). As mentioned earlier this picture will include the name of the copyright holder which should not be removed. The picture can be pasted from the clipboard into a word-processing document, Powerpoint presentation or other image handler from which it can be printed.
Maps can be printed directly from the CPC by selecting the appropriate button from the Distribution maps Tool Bar.
Maps and statistics displays are generated dynamically from databases and there is no Compendium button for copying them to the clipboard for use in other applications. However, this can be achieved by following these steps:
Right clicking on an entry in the taxonomic tree allows you to copy the summary to the Clipboard for pasting into other applications.
For tips on exporting and printing from the Aspects of Crop Protection Library, Bibliographic database, Taxonomic identification tools and Phytosanitary Decision-Support System, see the separate Training sheets or Help files on these topics.
